Information is treated as most important and valuable domain these days. There are many domains and fields which are closely related with information such as Information Science, Communication Science, Media Studies, Archival, Library Science, Information Technology, and Information Studies and so on. Hence a full-fledged association and foundation is established on such fields or more clearly on information fields (like the establishment of Information Schools / I-School caucus). The I-School has its own strength and specialization; together they share a fundamental interest in the relationships between information, people, and technology. The main aim and objective of this paper include Information Foundation and the domain surrounding by it. Paper talks about I-School organization, their main aim and objective and current activities in a brief manner. I-School caucus foundation plays an important role for healthy Information and Technological Infrastructure building by promoting education and research in the domain of information and technologies and allied fields. The paper is conceptual in nature and also helpful for the formulation of educational policies in the field of Information Sciences and allied fields.

Napoleona imperialis P. Beauv is the most widespread Napoleona in Nigeria. It belongs to the family Lecythidaceae, a small tropical family that grows in all regions of Nigeria and other parts of West Africa. However, scientific data concerning this species are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to conduct an anatomical and palynological assessment of this plant species. For the anatomical evaluation, the leaves and stems were fixed and subjected to common plant anatomy techniques. The acetolysis method was used for Palynology study. Result for palynological study showed that N. imperialis is characterized by tricolpate pollen, oval in shape,with microspinulose type of exine ornamentationand Pollen fertility and viabiligy is 84.66%. Anatomical characters such as periderm cylinder, phellem cells and primary and secondary vascular bundles of leaf and stem explains typical features of dicotyledonous plants that have undergone secondary growth. This study provides valuable information for reference and correct identification of this species.

Heavy metals contamination of soil has continued to increase globally as a result of increase in anthropogenic actions. The phytochemical and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Hg) content of three edible plant species grown in southern Nigeria and the health implications were evaluated. The heavy metal concentrations of Gongronema latifolium, Talinum triangulare and Amaranthus hybridus as well as the top soil were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The consumption of vegetables is a very vital path to food chain by which toxic metals are transferred from the soil to human as well as other animals. Geo-accumulation index and Transfer factor were the parameters used to evaluate the extent of contamination of top soil and exposure by human via the food chain respectively. The results of phytochemical analysis of plants revealed the existence of some bioactive constituents and their corresponding concentrations are presented in increasing order of magnitude: anthocyanin? carotenoid ? flavonoid ? tannin ? steroid ? alkaloid. The soil analysis for heavy metals were performed and results demonstrated that zinc had the maximum concentration (103.1 – 174.0 mg kg-1) while mercury had the lowest levels (0.01 – 0.20 mg kg-1). The heavy metal concentrations in the soil samples are in the order; Zn ? Pb ? Cu ? Cd ? Ni ? As ? Hg. Geo-accumulation index analysis revealed that Pb and Cd were implicated in overall contamination of the soil samples but the control soil remained uncontaminated. The concentrations of heavy metal in the plant samples varied greatly with Zn having the maximum values (10.80 – 21.10 mg kg -1) whereas arsenic had the minimum concentration (0.01 – 0.03 mg kg -1). The heavy metal concentration in the plant samples are in the order; Zn ? Cu ? Pb ? Cd ? Ni ? Hg ? As. The concentrations of heavy metals in the selected plant samples evaluated were within the recommended standard limits apart for lead which was higher than the recommended value. Results revealed moderately high transfer factors and capacity of the vegetables investigated to accumulate copper, mercury and arsenic.

Acalypha wilkesiana is an ornamental plant that is generally referred to as copper leaf and it is a shrub with mostly glossy green or red leaves. It is used in the management of fever in infants locally. Wistar rats weighing 150-200g were divided into six groups (n=5). Group 1 (control) was administered brewer’s yeast (40mg/kg) , group 2 was administered brewer’s yeast and aspirin (100mg/kg), while groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered 100, 200 and 300mg/kg of Acalypha wilkesiana respectively. Initial rectal temperature was taken before admistration of brewer’s yeast. Brewer’s yeast was injected subcutaneously to induce fever in the test groups. Temperature was measured after 18hours using rectal thermometer at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after the extract and standard drug were administered. Group 5, 4 and 3 (300mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 100mg/kg) significantly reduced brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia, (36.46±0.21, 36.90±0.31 and36.84±0.22), when compared with the positive control (brewer’s yeast) (37.96±0.22). Group 2 (Aspirin 100mg/kg) also showed significantly reduced brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia (36.88 ±0.22) when compared with the positive control (brewer’s yeast) (37.96±0.22). This study shows that the antipyretic effect of Acalypha wilkesiana is dose dependent, being most effective at the high dose (300mg/kg). This suggests that the methanolic extract of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves possesses significant antipyretic activity which is dose dependent and its mechanism could be due to the presence of flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids.

For so many years now a lot of scientist have used the series of positive binomial expansion to solve that of positive fractional binomial expansion, Negative binomial expansion, and Negative fractional binomial expansion which was generated/derived using Maclaurin series to derive the series of positive fractional binomial expansion, Negative binomial expansion, and Negative fractional binomial expansion just as it was used to provide answers to positive binomial expansion but fails for All the other expansion due to a deviation made. This Manuscript contains the correct solution/answers to both positive fractional binomial expansions and Negative fractional binomial expansion with proofs through worked examples and a general formula to solve questions involving both positive fractional binomial expansions and Negative fractional binomial expansions.

The critical analysis of the foundation of set theory is proposed. The unity of formal logic and rational dialectics is the correct methodological basis of the analysis. The analysis leads to the following results: (1) the mathematical concept of set should be analyzed on the basis of the formal-logical clauses “Definition of concept”, “Logical class”, “Division of concept”, “Basis of division”, “Rules of division”; (2) the standard mathematical theory of sets is an erroneous theory because it does not contain definition of the concept “element (object) of set”; (3) the concept of empty set (class) is a meaningless, erroneous, and inadmissible one because the definition of the concept “empty set (class)” contradicts to the definition of the logical class. (If the set (class) does not contain a single element (object), then there is no feature (sign) of the element (object). This implies that the concept of empty set (class) has no content and volume (scope). Therefore, this concept is inadmissible one); (4) the standard mathematical operations of union, intersection and difference of sets (classes) are meaningless, erroneous and inadmissible operations because they do not satisfy the following formal-logical condition: every separate element (object) of the set (class) must be in only one some set (class) and cannot be in two sets (classes). Thus, the results of formal-logical analysis prove that the standard mathematical theory of sets is an erroneous theory because it does not satisfy the criterion of truth.

A pervasive network architecture that interconnect heterogeneous objects, devices, technologies and services called Internet of Things has prompted a drastic change in demand of smart devices which in turn has increased the rate of data exchange. These smart devices are built with numerous sensors which collect information from other interacting devices, process it and send it to remote locations for storage or further processing. Although this mechanism of data processing and sharing has contributed immensely to the information world, it has recently posed high security risk on privacy and data confidentiality. This paper therefore analyses different security threats to data at different architectural layers of Internet of Things, possible countermeasures and other in-depth security measures for Internet of Things. The paper identifies device authentication on IoT network to be of paramount importance in securing IoT systems. This paper also suggests some essential technologies of security such as encryption for securing IoT devices and the data shared over IoT network.

In 2017 the author has published a paper “Demonstration of the Cost-Effectiveness of Base Isolation Strategy on the Example of the 16-Story Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings with Shear Walls” [1]. This work described details on materials’ and costs’ savings for two base isolated buildings and has drawn the interest of many researchers and designers. They approached the author through the well-known scientific networks with the request to provide more information on this topic. To satisfy these multiple queries the below paper was prepared which presents data on savings in consumption of concrete and steel and in relevant cost of other three residential complexes due to implementation of base isolation strategy. Savings were revealed by comparison of base isolated buildings with the fixed base buildings. The key point is that all the three residential complexes with fixed base buildings were designed before they were given to the author with the request to redesign them applying seismic isolation systems. This gave the possibility to directly compare data on consumption of concrete and steel in new innovative and previous conventional designs.

Xylopia aethiopica is important crop that has medicinal and economic values and commonly utilized traditionally in the treatment of several ailments. Thus, research carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of xylopia aethiopica, namely length, width, thickness, mean diameters, sphericity, surface area, volume, true and bulk densities, porosity, angle of repose and static coefficient of friction, angle of repose, rupture force of xylopia aethiopica at 9.7% moisture content (w.b.). Also, develop a database for engineers as well as by food scientists, processors and breeders properties of xylopia aethiopica. The average length, width, and thickness varied between 25.13 and 87.60 mm, 3.48 and 5.79 mm, and 2.14 and 4.78 mm. The average sphericity, aspect ratio, surface area, volume, 1000 unit mass bulk and true densities of xylopia aethiopica revealed 15.50%, 6.69%, 450.38 g, 389.31 kg/m3 and 873.04 kg/m3.Detailed information (database) provided will be useful in the design and development of machines to mitigate against stress involved in handling and processing of xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) fruit. It is recommended to use stainless steel as materials for equipment construction.

The continuous research in the area of renewable energy technology to substitute the unsustainable nature of fossil fuel in terms of it future availability and negative environmental impact created by fossil fuel has ensure the explore of solar energy as a good alternative. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) serve to be a good alternative means of producing photovoltaic solar cell. This work reports the working principle and construction process of dye-sensitized solar cell. A synthesized dye (Ruthenium oxide) and an iodide electrolyte were used for better performance based on already researched work. Also, this work reports the evaluation process with results recorded by the produced solar cell within 6:00am (GMT) and 6:00pm (GMT) for selected days. The results from the evaluation process show a better performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell in low and normal sunny day. The solar cell has a good performance at 12:00noon with a 0.5V output.

One way to alleviate the terrible side effects of chemotherapy is to find a way to better control what cells are needed to be targeted by the drugs in cancer patients. By being able to target only the cancerous cells within the body, less chemotherapy drugs would need to be injected into the patient for cancer treatment, thus reducing, if not completely wiping away, the side effects of the chemotherapy drugs. Cancer researchers have figured out a method that better delivers drugs, such as chemotherapy drugs, to cancer cells without damaging surrounding healthy ones, by discovering a way to use single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as targeted medicinal delivery mediums. For how small they are, their inner volumes are relatively large, leaving enough space to carry drugs into the body. Both the inner and outer surfaces of SWCNTs can be easily modified for “functionalization”. Their small size nature allows them to enter the nuclei of cells freely. Most importantly, single-walled carbon nanotubes are completely safe and nontoxic and proven to be stable to use in inserting and transporting drugs into the body. Presently, carbon nanotubes are not only being used as drug delivery systems, but as a means of directly killing malignant cells within the body. All of these applications of CNTs makes it promising and would lead to great advances in medicine in the future.

The aim of this paper is to design an efficient numerical method to solve a class of time fractional optimal control problems. In this problem formulation, the fractional derivative operator is consid- ered in three cases with both singular and non–singular kernels. The necessary conditions are derived for the optimality of these problems and the proposed method is evaluated for different choices of derivative operators. Simulation results indicate that the suggested technique works well and pro- vides satisfactory results with considerably less computational time than the other existing methods. Comparative results also verify that the fractional operator with Mittag–Leffler kernel in the Caputo sense improves the performance of the controlled system in terms of the transient response compared to the other fractional and integer derivative operators.

A detailed study of cloud computing is presented. Starting from its basics, the characteristics and different modalities are dwelt upon. Apart from this, the pros and cons of cloud computing is also highlighted. Apart from this, service models of cloud computing are lucidly highlighted.